United Nations climate chief Christiana Figueres is calling for world leaders to aim for an even lower threshold for rising global average temperatures, even as new figures suggest that the prospects for preventing temperatures from rising beyond a key benchmark grew dimmer in 2010.
According to estimates released this week by the International Energy Agency, global emissions of energy-related carbon dioxide in 2010 were the highest ever measured at 30.6 gigatonnes -- a 5 percent jump over the previous record year of 2008.
The increase follows a decline in global emissions in 2009 that accompanied the economic downturn.
The sizable leap in emissions suggests that limiting rising average temperatures to less than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) -- a threshold that many scientists believe is crucial for preventing runaway and irreversible impacts of climate change -- will be an increasingly elusive goal.
As the IEA explained:
For this goal to be achieved, the long-term concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere must be limited to around 450 parts per million of CO2-equivalent, only a 5 percent increase compared to an estimated 430 parts per million in 2000.
The IEA’s 2010 World Energy Outlook set out the 450 Scenario, an energy pathway consistent with achieving this goal, based on the emissions targets countries have agreed to reach by 2020. For this pathway to be achieved, global energy-related emissions in 2020 must not be greater than 32 [gigatonnes].
For all this math to work out, and for temperatures to keep below the 2-degree Celsius threshold, global energy-related emissions would have to rise less over the next decade than they did over just the last year, according to the IEA.
"Our latest estimates are another wake-up call," said Dr. Fatih Birol, a chief economist at the IEA, in a published statement. "The world has edged incredibly close to the level of emissions that should not be reached until 2020 if the 2-degree Celsius target is to be attained. Given the shrinking room for maneuver in 2020, unless bold and decisive decisions are made very soon, it will be extremely challenging to succeed in achieving this global goal."
The Copenhagen Accord reached in 2009 was the first time that countries involved in global climate talks informally agreed to a goal of limiting rising temperatures to no more than 2 degrees Celsius.
That benchmark was reiterated and placed on a timeline for review at talks in Cancun, Mexico, in December. Some nations, particularly those vulnerable to rising seas, believe even that amount of warming could result in catastrophic climatic changes, with attendant floods, food shortages and other impacts, over the next century.
Speaking at a carbon conference in Barcelona on Wednesday, Figueres, the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, suggested that the 2-degree benchmark might be too high.
"Two degrees is not enough – we should be thinking of 1.5C," she was quoted as saying by the Guardian. "If we are not headed to 1.5 we are in big, big trouble."
The notion that the opportunity to contain an average temperature increase below a 2-degree Celsius threshold may have already passed is not a new one. Several studies suggest that without some sort of collective action, global temperatures are likely to rise well beyond 2 degrees.
On a per capita basis, most emissions continue to come from the developed world. But the fastest growth in new emissions is coming -- and will continue to come -- from furious economic expansion in the developing world, chiefly in China and India. Without some sort of global incentive structure that would encourage developing nations to forego fossil fuels as they expand their economies, there is increasing pessimism that targets like the 2-degrees Celsius benchmark will prove anything beyond symbolic.
The majority of the energy-related CO2 emissions last year -- 44 percent -- came from from coal, while 36 percent arose from from oil and 20 percent from natural gas, according to the IEA
The rise of the middle class in China and India will only add to the problem of global warming.
ReplyDeleteI bought two more CFL yesterday. I have them almost everywhere now. I think people should focus on the safety issue with CFL. Climbing on chairs, ladders and cabinets changing causes falls, broken bones and maybe an early death, especially in the elderly. CFL last for years, fewer scrambles up and down. The first two I bought are still working, about 12 years.
ReplyDeleteChina and India have the chance to jump over the dirty energy sources and go directly to clean ones, so far it is a mixed bag of good and dirty, very dirty. China in my opinion, looks to the US to enable it to not clean up it's act. So long as the US continues the denial tacticts, China is happy to continue it's half-assed green revolution while building more coal and oil.
OK, 3.6°F increase, is a global temp number. What this does not point out is this will not be uniform. Some areas will see 7° increase, some will see killing heat waves like Pakistan and Russia last summer saw records broken by 15°.
ReplyDeleteIf it was your kid that had a 3.6° fever you rush to correct it, if it goes 7 or higher death is almost certain. Plants the same, run the temp up a few degrees and you get only a few peaches, birds, etc, even desert snakes live in a narrow temperature band.
whit -
ReplyDeleteIndia's annual greenhouse gas emissions increased by nearly 60% between 1994 and 2009 and China has been building 2 500mw coal burning power plants per week for the last several years!
The problem is that power plants, once built, are meant to last for 40 to 75 years. Much of China is now stuck with power plants that are dirty and inefficient.
Unfortunately, I do not see a way out of the fix we are in.
fringe -
ReplyDeleteYou hit the nail on the head! Our body is a biological system and is extremely sensitive to variations in temps. If out temp goes up just 2 degrees we feel like crap. The planet is no different.